[P][FACE=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]义存禅师生平[/SIZE][/FACE][/P][P][B][SIZE=3][FACE=Times New Roman]出家[/FACE][/SIZE][/B][/P][P][SIZE=3][FACE=Times New Roman]义存,俗姓曾,唐长庆二年[/FACE][FACE=宋体, MS Song](822[/SIZE][FACE=Times New Roman]年[/FACE][FACE=宋体, MS Song])[/FACE][FACE=Times New Roman]生于福建泉州南安涧埕村一个世代信奉佛教的家庭。他自幼养成对佛教崇敬而亲切的感情,[/FACE][FACE=宋体, MS Song]9[/FACE][FACE=Times New Roman]岁时就要求出家,父母不允。[/FACE][FACE=宋体, MS Song]12[/FACE][FACE=Times New Roman]岁随父游莆田玉涧寺,遂留寺不回,礼寺僧庆玄和尚为师,随侍五年,[/FACE][FACE=宋体, MS Song]17[/FACE][FACE=Times New Roman]岁落发为僧,改名义存。[/FACE][FACE=宋体, MS Song] [/FACE][/FACE][/P][P][SIZE=3][FACE=Times New Roman]会昌五年[/FACE][FACE=宋体, MS Song](845[/SIZE][FACE=Times New Roman]年[/FACE][FACE=宋体, MS Song])[/FACE][FACE=Times New Roman],武宗降旨“毁佛教,复僧尼为民。”义存被迫还俗,但他奉佛的信仰毫不动摇。不久,他来到今福州北峰芙蓉山晋见弘照法师,被收留为弟子。[/FACE][/FACE][/P][P][FACE=宋体, MS Song][SIZE=3] [/SIZE][/FACE][/P][P][B][SIZE=3][FACE=Times New Roman]受业清鉴禅师[/FACE][/SIZE][/B][/P][P][SIZE=3][FACE=Times New Roman] 宣宗大中元年[/FACE][FACE=宋体, MS Song](847[/SIZE][FACE=Times New Roman]年[/FACE][FACE=宋体, MS Song])[/FACE][FACE=Times New Roman],禁令废除,恢复佛教活动。次年,义存北游吴、楚、梁、宋、燕、秦等地[/FACE][FACE=宋体, MS Song]([/FACE][FACE=Times New Roman]今浙江、江苏、湖北、安徽、河南、河北、陕西等地[/FACE][FACE=宋体, MS Song])[/FACE][FACE=Times New Roman]。大中三年,[/FACE][FACE=宋体, MS Song]28[/FACE][FACE=Times New Roman]岁的义存在幽州[/FACE][FACE=宋体, MS Song]([/FACE][FACE=Times New Roman]今北京市境[/FACE][FACE=宋体, MS Song])[/FACE][FACE=Times New Roman]受具足戒。大中七年,再次出游江南各地名山大刹,受法于湖南武陵德山寺清鉴禅师。[/FACE][/FACE][/P][P][B][FACE=宋体, MS Song][SIZE=3] [/SIZE][/FACE][/B][/P][P][B][SIZE=3][FACE=Times New Roman]赐号“真觉大师”[/FACE][/SIZE][/B][/P][P][SIZE=3][FACE=Times New Roman] 咸通七年[/FACE][FACE=宋体, MS Song](866[/SIZE][FACE=Times New Roman]年[/FACE][FACE=宋体, MS Song])[/FACE][FACE=Times New Roman],义存回闽,居于今福州郊区芙蓉山石室。咸通十一年,门友行实和尚促其出山,同到象骨峰[/FACE][FACE=宋体, MS Song]([/FACE][FACE=Times New Roman]今闽侯雪峰[/FACE][FACE=宋体, MS Song])[/FACE][FACE=Times New Roman]结庵建院,先创庵于柽洋映凉台之北。在里人及官府资助下,咸通十二年[/FACE][FACE=宋体, MS Song](871[/FACE][FACE=Times New Roman]年[/FACE][FACE=宋体, MS Song])[/FACE][FACE=Times New Roman],至乾符二年[/FACE][FACE=宋体, MS Song](875[/FACE][FACE=Times New Roman]年[/FACE][FACE=宋体, MS Song])[/FACE][FACE=Times New Roman]建成当时闽中规模最大的寺院,时遇应天节,唐僖宗赐额“应天雪峰禅院”。中和二年[/FACE][FACE=宋体, MS Song](882[/FACE][FACE=Times New Roman]年[/FACE][FACE=宋体, MS Song])[/FACE][FACE=Times New Roman],赐号“真觉大师”,御赐紫袈裟。[/FACE][/FACE][/P][P][FACE=宋体, MS Song][SIZE=3] [/SIZE][/FACE][/P][P][B][SIZE=3][FACE=Times New Roman]上继行思,下开二宗[/FACE][/SIZE][/B][/P][P][SIZE=3][FACE=Times New Roman]义存在雪峰,一面筹资建寺,一面弘宗演教,“四方衲子云集,至无容所,僧众盛时多达[/FACE][FACE=宋体, MS Song]1500[/SIZE][FACE=Times New Roman]余人。门下高僧辈出,分为[/FACE][FACE=宋体, MS Song]54[/FACE][FACE=Times New Roman]支,其中云门宗创始人文偃[/FACE][FACE=宋体, MS Song]([/FACE][FACE=Times New Roman]匡真禅师[/FACE][FACE=宋体, MS Song])[/FACE][FACE=Times New Roman]是义存的嫡传弟子。法眼宗的创始人文益[/FACE][FACE=宋体, MS Song]([/FACE][FACE=Times New Roman]净觉禅师[/FACE][FACE=宋体, MS Song])[/FACE][FACE=Times New Roman]是他的三传弟子。这两宗的佛教徒都尊雪峰为“祖庭”。他们分别成为晚唐五代禅宗中的五宗之一。此外,福州玄沙院的开山祖师备、福州怡山长庆寺的中兴祖师慧棱、福州鼓山涌泉寺开山祖神晏、越州[/FACE][FACE=宋体, MS Song]([/FACE][FACE=Times New Roman]今浙江绍兴[/FACE][FACE=宋体, MS Song])[/FACE][FACE=Times New Roman]洞岩寺的可休,信州[/FACE][FACE=宋体, MS Song]([/FACE][FACE=Times New Roman]今江西上饶[/FACE][FACE=宋体, MS Song])[/FACE][FACE=Times New Roman]鹅湖的智孚等皆出于义存门下,后来他们各自拥徒说法,成为一方开山之祖。[/FACE][FACE=宋体, MS Song] [/FACE][FACE=Times New Roman] [/FACE][/FACE][/P][P][SIZE=3][FACE=Times New Roman]昭宗大顺二年[/FACE][FACE=宋体, MS Song](891[/SIZE][FACE=Times New Roman]年[/FACE][FACE=宋体, MS Song])[/FACE][FACE=Times New Roman],境内兵连祸结,战云密布,山居不可宁处,义存再游吴越,转至浙江四明山避乱。[/FACE][FACE=宋体, MS Song] [/FACE][FACE=Times New Roman] [/FACE][/FACE][/P][P][SIZE=3][FACE=Times New Roman]王审知入闽后,安定社会秩序,建立地方政权,奉行崇佛政策,于乾宁元年[/FACE][FACE=宋体, MS Song](894[/SIZE][FACE=Times New Roman]年[/FACE][FACE=宋体, MS Song])[/FACE][FACE=Times New Roman]迎回义存,大加礼遇,还时常迎请义存住进节度使府,为僚属官将谈经说法。同时,王氏政权资助义存将寺迁至陈洋[/FACE][FACE=宋体, MS Song]([/FACE][FACE=Times New Roman]即今寺址[/FACE][FACE=宋体, MS Song])[/FACE][FACE=Times New Roman]。 [/FACE][FACE=宋体, MS Song] [/FACE][FACE=Times New Roman] [/FACE][/FACE][/P][P][FACE=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]经过义存多年努力,境内佛教大行。[/SIZE][/FACE][/P][P][FACE=宋体, MS Song][SIZE=3] [/SIZE][/FACE][/P][P][B][SIZE=3][FACE=Times New Roman]五月圆寂[/FACE][/SIZE][/B][/P][P][SIZE=3][FACE=Times New Roman]五代后梁开平二年[/FACE][FACE=宋体, MS Song](908[/SIZE][FACE=Times New Roman]年[/FACE][FACE=宋体, MS Song])[/FACE][FACE=Times New Roman]五月初二日,义存示寂,世寿[/FACE][FACE=宋体, MS Song]87[/FACE][FACE=Times New Roman]岁,僧腊[/FACE][FACE=宋体, MS Song]59[/FACE][FACE=Times New Roman]年,闽王遣子王延禀主祭,埋骨难提塔。著有《雪峰清规》、《雪峰语录》等传世。[/FACE][/FACE][/P][P][FACE=宋体, MS Song][SIZE=3] [/SIZE][/FACE][/P]